A new discourse analysis of First Balkan War correspondence reveals that Western reporters did not just cover the war – they actively constructed the Ottoman Empire as a backward, fatalistic, and alien civilization. In October 1912, the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro) launched a coordinated attack on the Ottoman Empire. Within months, the … Continue reading The Cross, the Crescent, and the Camera: How Western Journalists Invented the “Terrible Turk”