It is reported that Al-Hasan Al-Basrī – Allāh have mercy on him – said:
Four signs of wretchedness are:
- [having] a hard heart,
- dry eyes [that never cry],
- extended hopes [about this life], and
- greed and keenness to amass worldly things (the dunyā).
Ibn Abī Al-Dunyā, Kitāb Al-Zuhd article 36.
